Finding the best coffee portable mug can be a game changer for coffee enthusiasts on the go. Whether you’re commuting to work, heading to the gym, or simply running errands, a high-quality portable mug allows you to enjoy your favorite brew anywhere. In 2024, we’ve sifted through countless options on Amazon to bring you the best best coffee portable mug choices available. This guide will not only showcase the top 10 coffee portable mugs but will also provide a comprehensive buying guide to help you make an informed decision.
- 12 OZ INDIGO BLUE INSULATED MUG: The Hydro Flask stainless steel insulated mug keeps drinks hot for hours. Sized for the perfect cup with a closeable, leak-resistant and splash-resistant lid.
- HOT STAYS HOT: Thanks to the double-wall vacuum insulation, drinks stay hot or cold for hours in this mug. The TempShield insulation ensures the perfect temp, so your drink is always ready for the next sip.
- LEAK-RESISTANT: The closeable leak-resistant and splash-resistant press-in lid on the insulated Mug keeps drinks ready to sip.
- SOFT TO THE TOUCH: The soft-touch exterior stays cool and is easy to hold. The ergonomic handle is strong and durable, and ensures a comfy fit.
- PURE TASTE: Durable pro-grade stainless steel ensures pure taste and no leftover flavor transfer. So, today's tea have any taste of yesterday's coffee.
- [ Coffee Stays Hot and Cold ]: This coffee mug applies high quality double-walled stainless steel construction to keep your drink at its original temperature for up to 6 hours. The stainless steel 304 construct also ensure the long-lasting flavor of your drink with no peculiar smell.
- [ Easy to Drink with One Hand ]: Travel coffee mug includes an eco-friendly flap opening that makes drinking one-handed a breeze. And the surface of the lid also has a straw hole design, which allows you to drink straight from the cup or use a straw. Comes with a silicone cover on the body, it can help you hold it comfortably.
- [ Reliable Screw-On Leakproof Lid ]: It uses a screw-on lid design, which can click securely into the closed position. If the lid latched, you can turn the travel cup at any angle with confidence and don't need to worry about it will spill and cause leaks in your travel or office bag. Just bring your beverages to go!
- [ Non-slip Rubber Cushion ]: There is a rubber cushion on the bottom of this coffee cup that helps stop it from sliding about and protect furniture from scratches and chips. Also, the flip-top can be fixed to the other side, so you don't need to worry that it would hit your nose when drinking.
- [ Excellent Performance at Many Occasion ]: 380ml/12oz capacity is a portable travel mug when you are on the go. It is still lightweight even it is full of beverages. And the lid of this cup has a protruding part so it is easy to find the hole without looking when driving. A good ideal for indoor and outdoor use, such as home, travel and car.
- [Free replacement for any quality problem within 12 months]: Wetoweto Commitment, we are committed to providing our customers with the highest quality products and excellent customer service. If you have any questions about your mugs, simply contact our friendly customer service team and we will quickly address any concerns or issues you may have
- [Keep Coffee Hot or Cold for a Long Time]: The Travel Coffee Mugs are designed with double-wall vacuum insulation, these coffee mugs make it possible for you to enjoy coffee, tea, or other beverages at the ideal temperature whenever you are on a busy workday or traveling
- [Food-grade Healthy Stainless Steel Mug]: The insulated coffee mug is made of high quality food grade stainless steel, rust and leak proof, it is also reusable and eco-friendly. The stainless steel coffee mug are easy to clean and maintain. The coffee mug is stain and odor resistant, and the screw-on leak-proof lid can be removed for easy cleaning
- [Portable Travel Mug and Fits Car Cup Holder]: Coffee tumbler with its premium portability and leak-proof feature, travel coffee cup fits in the car cup holder, making it perfect for use on the go. Besides, the portable coffee mug is suitable for indoor and outdoor use, a versatile choice for customers who want to use it at home, office, parties, road trips, camping, travel or any other activities
- Ideal Gift Choice. Whether it's a birthday, Christmas, Valentine's Day or Thanksgiving, these 12 oz coffee mugs are the perfect gift for friends and family
- 【Keep Cold/Hot for Hours】 Insulated coffee mug is made of high quality 304 food grade stainless steel, BPA free, safe and non-toxic, durable and reusable. With double-layer vacuum insulation technology, it can keep your drink hot or cold for hours. Say goodbye to big bulky water bottles and easily enjoy your favorite beverage while commuting and on the go.
- 【Ideal Size】Travel coffee mugs are available in 2 sizes (12oz/380ml, 17oz/510ml) and a variety of colors to choose from. The diameter of the bottom of the cup is 2.7in/ 7cm, which is compact and lightweight enough to fit in your car cup holder. This portable coffee mug is suitable for indoor and outdoor, office, party, traveling and many other occasions.
- 【Easy To Drink with One Hand】The insulated coffee mug features an eco-friendly flip-top opening with a leak-proof top, which can be easily opened and closed with one hand while driving, making it the most reliable choice for your commute or travel. The body of the cup features a twill silicone sleeve, allowing you to hold and use it comfortably. The non-slip pad on the bottom prevents the cup from slipping and tipping over.
- 【Leak-Proof, Easy To Clean】The coffee mug is double-sealed with an upgraded screw-on lid and lid gasket to prevent spills and leaks. The coffee mug is wide-mouth design, can easily add ice cubes, smooth interior with no seams, screw-on leak-proof lid is removable, easy to clean and maintain (not recommended to put it in the dishwasher).
- 【Best Gift】This reusable coffee mug with lid can be used as a beautiful gift for your lover, friends and family on birthday, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Valentine's Day. Please feel free to contact us if you have any problems in purchasing the coffee mug.
- Cupholder Friendly: Travel coffee mug made from durable stainless steel
- Double Wall Insulated: Keeps beverages hot or cold for hours
- Leakproof: Two reusable straws and a clear flip lid that twists on for drinking hand preference
- Dishwasher Safe
- Limited Lifetime Warranty & US Patented
- Travel Coffee maker: brew Coffee or tea on the go and drink from same container when ready; enjoy your daily fix wherever you are
- Quick and easy: Simply add coarsely ground Coffee, hot water and seal the lid for a delicious, freshly pressed cup in minutes
- Stainless steel: made of vacuum-sealed, double-wall construction, this stainless steel travel mug keeps beverages hot or cold for several hours
- Durable design: French press mug features a Spill resistant lid, built-in plunger and colorful, silicone, non-slip grip for easy Travel
- On the go mug: Travel mug holds 15 oz. of Coffee or tea and is dishwasher safe for easy cleaning
- ✅HEALTHY MATERIAL - This is a 3rd double-wall vacuum sealer made of 304 stainless steel, making it tasteless, rust-proof, and leak-proof. The lid is made from food-grade silicone, so you can rest assured that it is BPA-free and highly durable. Enjoy a safe drinking experience at any time.
- ✅Leak-Proof Design - Enjoy your drinks on the go without spilling thanks to the leak-proof design of this coffee cup lid. The airtight silicone seal and vent ensure a smooth flow of drinks, and a rubber bottom prevents the cup from slipping.
- ✅PERFECT CAPACITY - This perfect Capacity mug is not only aesthetically pleasing but also extremely practical. Thanks to its slim design, it is easy to carry and fits in most car cup holders and coffee makers. Get this perfect mug today for a worry-free drinking experience.
- ✅EASY TO CARRY - Portable and convenient, our coffee is the perfect addition to any occasion, indoors or outdoors. Whether you are enjoying a quiet moment at home, throwing a party, traveling, going to work or just spending time in the office, our coffee will add a touch of flavor to every moment.
- ✅Warm Tips - For optimal performance, make sure the coffee cup buckle is closed securely with two "clicks". To maintain quality, we recommend hand washing only and do not put it in the dishwasher or microwave.
- 【 Leakproof Design 】 Built to house 12 oz of your favorite cold or hot drinks, this is one coffee cup with seal lid preventing from leak or spilling (The coffee mug buckle has been closed tightly after two "clicks"). Compact body design makes this coffee travel mug fits most coffee makers.
- 【 Insulated 18/8 Stainless Steel 】 BPA FREE, lead-free, completely taste-free, rust-proof. Resists dents and drops and the Double-Wall Vacuum Insulation keep drinks hot for 2 hours, warm for 4 hours and cold for 6 hours.
- 【 No Sweat Design 】 Prevents condensation, keeping hands dry. Enjoy your coffee easily wherever you go.
- 【 Cupholder Frindly and Portable 】 5.7 inches height, 3.6 inches base width and an anti-slip rubber cushion make KETIEE reusable coffee cup with lid not only fit most cupholders, but also easy to grab and go. The sip hole on the top of the lid can let you enjoy your coffee conveniently with one hand.
- 【 Easy to Clean But Dishwasher Not Recommended 】 No seam on the inner wall of the coffee tumbler and 3.35 inches wide mouth of the travel mug make your wash job a breeze. only need to rotate and unscrew the cap, place the coffee travel mug under the running water to rinse. KETIEE insulated travel mug is a great gift for family and friends.
- NOTICE: If the mug you receive does not fit with the lid, please contact us directly and we will send replacement. LARGE CAPACITY: This ceramic travel mug has a large capacity(18 oz), which will definitely meet your needs for office and home.
- STURDY & DURABLE: Designed with strong ceramic construction, made of lead-free, cadmium-free, high quality ceramic. Suitable for hot and cold drinks. Mug is dishwasher and microwave safe. It's recommended to hand wash the lid and sleeve.
- COMFORTABLE TO USE: The lid is easy to slide open and sip. It's SPLASH proof, which can keep your coffee from splashing while driving to work.
- UNIQUE GLAZE: So simple but classic design. Every mug is unique because of the special reactive glaze technique. A choice of four stylish colors makes a great gift for the Holidays, birthdays and special occasions.
- If you have any problem with our mug after received, just contact us! We promise that we will make every effort to solve it. We care deeply for our customers and make you our top priority! Thank you!
- 17 watt mug warmer for use with coffee, tea, hot cocoa & more
- Easy to tote and take anywhere
- Surface easily wipes clean
- On/off switch with indicator light
- Longer power cord for increased mobility
Buying Guide for the Best Coffee Portable Mug
When selecting the best coffee portable mug, consider the following features:
1. Insulation
The best coffee portable mug typically features double-wall vacuum insulation. This technology keeps your beverage hot or cold for extended periods, ensuring you enjoy your coffee at the perfect temperature.
2. Material
Mugs are commonly made from stainless steel, plastic, or glass. Stainless steel is highly recommended for its durability and heat retention properties, while BPA-free plastics are lightweight and often more affordable.
3. Leak-Proof and Spill-Resistant
A spill-resistant lid is paramount. Look for mugs with silicone seals and locking mechanisms that prevent unintended spills.
4. Size and Capacity
Consider how much coffee you typically consume in one go. Mugs come in various sizes, from 12 ounces to over 20 ounces, and your choice will depend on personal preference and how much you’re often on the move.
5. Ease of Cleaning
Choose a mug that’s easy to clean, preferably dishwasher safe. Additionally, wide-mouth designs can make it simpler to access all areas of the mug.
6. Design and Portability
Look for a mug that fits in your vehicle’s cup holder and features a comfortable grip. Color and aesthetics are also important since you’ll likely carry it around.
Now that you have an understanding of what to look for in the best best coffee portable mug, let’s take a look at some top products available on Amazon.
Top 10 Coffee Portable Mugs
1. Contigo AUTOSEAL West Loop Travel Mug
The Contigo AUTOSEAL West Loop is renowned for its leak-proof design and superior heat retention. It features a double-wall vacuum insulation system, keeping drinks hot for up to 5 hours. The one-handed operation and AUTOSEAL technology make it incredibly user-friendly.
The mug is made of stainless steel, ensuring durability and safety. The lid is dishwasher safe, and the mug fits in most car cup holders.
With a sleek design available in multiple colors, it’s not just functional but stylish as well. At 16 ounces, this mug is the perfect balance of capacity and portability.
This mug stands out for its ease-of-use, making it ideal for busy individuals.
- Our Lids Are Sealed – AUTOSEAL technology is leak and spill proof (Yes there is a difference!)
- For the Long Haul – Drinks stay hot up to 5 hours and cold up to 12 with THERMALOCK Vacuum Insulation
- Lend a Hand – Easy one-handed drinking with the push of a button
- Squeaky Clean – Easy clean lid completely opens for an extra squeaky clean with no separate parts to take apart or misplace
- Lock it Up – AUTOSEAL button lock for added peace of mind
2. Zojirushi Stainless Steel Travel Mug
The Zojirushi Stainless Steel Travel Mug is another standout option, known for its excellent vacuum insulation performance. In addition to keeping drinks hot for hours, it also holds cold beverages for long periods.
This mug features a wide mouth for easy filling and cleaning, with a unique, spill-proof lid that locks securely. The ergonomic design and light weight make it easy to carry.
With a capacity ranging from 12 to 20 ounces, it’s versatile for different beverages, whether it’s coffee, tea, or cold drinks.
The stainless steel construction is not only durable but also helps maintain the flavor of your beverages — a vital feature for coffee aficionados.
- Stainless steel vacuum insulation keeps beverages hot or cold for hours
- Durable and sanitary 18/8 stainless steel interior
- Slicksteel finish. Made of BPA-free plastic
- Wide mouth accommodates full size ice cubes
- Compact design takes up minimal space while maximizing capacity
3. YETI Rambler 20 oz Tumbler
For rugged outdoor enthusiasts, the YETI Rambler 20 oz Tumbler is a popular pick. Crafted from kitchen-grade stainless steel, it is puncture- and rust-resistant.
YETI’s signature double-wall vacuum insulation keeps beverages both hot and cold, and the no-sweat exterior ensures your hands stay dry.
The mug’s wide opening allows easy filling, pouring, and cleaning, making it a practical choice for both coffee and cocktails.
While the Rambler is bulkier than some other options, its durability and performance more than make up for it, making it a great investment.
- These Ramblers Come Standard With Our Yeti Magslider Lid, The Only Drink Lid That Uses The Power Of Magnets To Keep Your Water, Beer, Or Favorite Drink On Lock
- Our Ramblers Are Bpa-Free, Dishwasher Safe, And Have A No Sweat Design To Make Sure Your Hands Stay Dry
- Dracut Is A Durable Coat Of Color That Won'T Fade, Peel, Or Crack Through Extended Field Use And Also Provide Additional Grip To The Rambler'S Exterior
- We Over-Engineered These Double-Wall Insulated Tumblers With An 18/8 Stainless Steel Body, Which Means Your Drink Still Keeps Its Temperature No Matter How Much Of A Beating This Cup Takes
- The Yeti 20 Oz. Rambler Tumbler Stands 6 7/8 In High And Has A Lip Diameter Of 3 1/2 In. All Yeti Tumblers Are Sized To Fit In Standard Sized Cup Holders. Makes For Easy Opening And Closing
4. Thermos Stainless King 16 Ounce Travel Mug
Thermos is synonymous with insulated containers, and the Thermos Stainless King is a testament to that reputation. This travel mug can keep your coffee hot for up to 7 hours, making it a reliable companion for your morning commute.
It features a sleek, stainless steel design with a comfortable grip and a durable exterior. The lid doubles as a cup, providing additional utility.
The vacuum insulation technology guarantees that no heat escapes, while the lid is designed to be leak-proof, alleviating any concerns about spills in your bag.
This mug is also dishwasher safe, ensuring convenience when it comes to cleaning.
- Premium insulation: Our Thermos travel coffee mug is equipped with vacuum insulation, delivering maximum temperature retention for both hot and cold beverages; this stainless steel mug allows you to keep drinks hot for up to 7 hours and cold for up to 18 hours
- Convenient handle: Our durable 18/8 stainless steel travel mug is designed with a handle and leak-proof DrinkLock lid, making it ideal for commuting and traveling; this Thermos travel mug with handle fits most standard-sized cupholders
- Versatile usage: Our stainless steel tumblers can be used as travel mugs for coffee or for a cup of tea using the built-in tea hook; the exterior of this mug stays cools to the touch with hot beverages and sweat-proof with cold drinks
- Easy to clean: This Thermos travel mug is easy to disassemble and clean, allowing for convenient everyday use; our Thermos mug is dishwasher safe, top-rack recommended
- Protect what you love: With 120 years of heritage, Thermos Brand food and beverage containers keep things fresh, sealed and protected; trusted since 1904 because our products help make everyday life a little better, every time
5. Ello Syndicate Glass Travel Mug
For those who prefer drinking from glass, the Ello Syndicate Glass Travel Mug is a stylish option. This 16 oz mug features a silicone sleeve for a comfortable grip and protection against drops.
The stainless steel lid is spill-proof, making it practical for commuters. It’s also microwave and dishwasher safe, which adds a degree of convenience.
This mug offers a unique aesthetic, reflecting a modern design that appeals to many consumers. It’s a fantastic alternative to plastic and metal mugs.
However, glass construction may make it less suitable for those who need something ultra-durable for rugged travel.
- ECO-FRIENDLY: Embrace eco-conscious hydration with the Syndicate 20oz glass bottle. Elevate your hydration experience while reducing plastic waste, one refreshing sip at a time.
- GLASS WATER BOTTLE: Say goodbye to unwanted odors and stains and hydrate with the refreshing taste that only clean glass can deliver.
- TRAVEL READY: A silicone sleeve protects against chips and cracks. Built-in carry loop adds an extra touch of convenience, making it an ideal choice for car travel, a gym routine, work, school, and more!
- DISHWASHER SAFE: All parts are top rack dishwasher safe and no need to remove silicone sleeve for cleaning. All parts BPA free.
- LEAK-PROOF: One touch flip lid makes it easy to pop and drink directly from the glass. The lid is engineered to ensure a leak-proof seal, providing you with peace of mind wherever you go.
6. Stanley Classic Trigger-Action Travel Mug
The Stanley Classic Trigger-Action Travel Mug embodies ruggedness. The 16 oz capacity makes it versatile and the BPA-free plastic material ensures safety.
This mug’s unique trigger action allows easy one-handed drinking, ideal for multitaskers. Its double-wall vacuum insulation keeps beverages hot for hours.
The lid features a built-in straw and a leak-resistant design, providing optimal consumption options without worrying about spills.
The Stanley mug boasts a lifetime warranty, which speaks to its durability and the brand’s commitment to quality.
- PERFECT TRAVEL BOTTLE: The Quick Filp GO Bottle can fit in most cup holders so it can ride along in your vehicle. The Double Wall Insulation keeps your favorite tea, coffee or other hot drinks hot for up to 8 hours or cold for up to 12 hours.
- TOUGH AND DURABLE: Unlike normal mugs, this is manufactured using 18/8 stainless steel, meaning it can take a beating. Everything is made with BPA-free material so your drink stays safe to consume.
- LEAK RESISTANT CAP: This trigger action lid makes this travel thermos spill-proof and easy for one-handed use. The lid is designed with a push button, which opens mouthpiece on top. You can throw this in your work bag without worrying.
- EASY TO CLEAN DESIGN: This bottle is made with a wide mouth tumbler opening that makes washing by hand a breeze. All components are also dishwasher safe to make clean-up easy for working men and women.
- LIFETIME WARRANTY: ‘BUILT FOR LIFE’. Since 1913 we’ve promised to provide capable gear for food and drink, built to last a lifetime. It’s a promise we still keep. Stanley products purchased from Stanley Resellers come with a lifetime warranty.
7. Simple Modern Insulated Tumbler
For coffee lovers looking for customization, the Simple Modern Insulated Tumbler offers a range of colors and designs. The 16 oz tumbler keeps drinks cold for 5 hours or hot for 3 hours due to its double-wall vacuum insulation.
The mug features a removable straw for flexible drinking and fits most cup holders, making it perfect for travel.
The stainless steel construction also ensures longevity with a powder-coated finish that adds an extra layer of durability.
With its trendy appearances, this tumbler suits a younger audience looking for style in their drinking vessels.
- Double Wall Insulation: Keeps beverages hot or cold for hours
- Leak-Resistant: Comes with Straw Lid and Flip Lid for a leak-resistant experience
- Durable: Made of premium 18/8 stainless steel
- Cupholder Friendly: Tapered shape makes this tumbler cupholder-compatible
- US Patented
8. Ember Temperature Control Smart Mug
For tech-savvy coffee drinkers, the Ember Temperature Control Smart Mug is a next-gen product. This mug allows users to set their ideal drinking temperature via a smartphone app and keeps the coffee at that temperature for up to 1.5 hours on battery.
The innovative design combines functionality with sophisticated technology, making it a unique addition to any coffee lover’s arsenal.
Ember’s sleek design is as practical as it is stylish, but it is important to note that the smart technology may require more care than traditional mugs.
This mug’s ability to control temperature means you can savor each sip just the way you like it.
- Perfect Temperature Everytime: Ember Mug 2 offers up to 80 minutes of heat (120°F to 145°F) or all-day warmth on its charging coaster. Ideal for keeping drinks at the perfect temperature, perfect for desk use or as a thoughtful gift.
- Smart or Standalone: Use the Ember app to set precise temperatures and get notifications. Without the app, the mug defaults to 135°F and remembers the last setting for a consistent experience.
- Auto Sleep & Sensors: The mug wakes up when hot liquid is poured and goes to sleep based on motion detection. Features like auto sleep and memory ensure your drink is always at the right temperature.
- Hand Wash Only: An updated scratch-resistant coating is safe to hand wash; Ember Mug 2 is IPX7 rated and fully submersible up to 1 meter deepHand Wash Safe: Ember Mug 2 is hand wash only with a scratch-resistant coating. Fully submersible up to 1 meter, it’s easy to clean and perfect for any hot drink. Do not place in the dishwasher.
- Smart LED Indicator: The LED lights up to show when your drink is at the perfect temperature, making it easy to know when your beverage is ready.
9. Hydro Flask Wide Mouth Coffee Mug
Hydro Flask’s Wide Mouth Coffee Mug is known for its durable stainless steel build and superior insulation. This 12 oz mug is great for both hot and cold beverages, keeping drinks at their desired temperature for hours.
The wide mouth makes it easy to fill and clean, and the durable finish means it can withstand any travel conditions.
The mug features a slip-free grip and a design made for comfort while drinking.
This product is particularly appealing to those who lead an active lifestyle and desire reliable performance.
- 16 OZ INDIGO BLUE FLEX SIP BOTTLE: Designed for hot drinks, Hydro Flask's insulated Wide Mouth water bottle with Flex Sip Lid is cupholder compatible and leakproof. This insulated, stainless steel bottle is ideal for coffee or tea, keeping hot drinks hot and cold drinks cold.
- 24 HOURS COLD. 12 HOURS HOT: Double-wall vacuum insulation keeps drinks hot or cold for hours. The insulated bottle keeps beverages cold for 24 hours and hot up to 12. The TempShield insulation keeps the bottle cool to the touch.
- LEAKPROOF: Say goodbye to leaky water bottles. The Flex Sip Lid is leakproof when closed. Simply twist it shut and toss it into your bag without worry. Enjoy hot drinks, and rest easy knowing your drink stays securely sealed all day.
- PURE TASTE: Durable pro-grade stainless steel ensures pure taste and no leftover flavor transfer. So, today's mocha won't have any taste of yesterday's morning brew.
- FITS CUPHOLDERS: The cupholder-friendly design means your bottle fits seamlessly in most cupholders. Designed for seamless cupholder cohabitation, it's right at home on the open road, on the sidelines, in a pack or wherever you need to set your sips.
10. KeepCup Reusable Coffee Cup
For those passionate about sustainability, the KeepCup Reusable Coffee Cup is a must-have. Made from tempered glass and available in various sizes, this cup allows you to enjoy your coffee without compromising the environment.
Featuring a secure lid that fits tightly and a non-slip band for comfortable holding, it’s perfect for on-the-go consumption.
It feels kind to the planet as it encourages reusable practices, yet is still stylish and practical.
However, keep in mind that it may not keep drinks hot for as long as its stainless steel counterparts.
- Barista standard design ensures a consistent and enjoyable coffee experience at home or your favorite café.
- Press fit Lid - prevents splash and spills
- 100% recovered material cork band for heat retention and organic feel.
- Made to last, tempered glass and recovered cork built to enjoy your daily adventures.
- BPS/BPA-free
Conclusion
Choosing the best best coffee portable mug depends on your personal preferences, usage patterns, and lifestyle. From thermally insulated stainless steel designs to smart temperature control options, the market is filled with choices to suit any need. Remember to consider features such as insulation, ease of cleaning, and durability when making your selection.
Each of the mugs highlighted has its unique selling points, making them some of the best contenders on Amazon for 2024. Whether you prioritize a rugged design or a stylish look, one of these top 10 portable mugs is guaranteed to enhance your coffee experience. Enjoy your coffee on the go, and find the perfect mug that fits your lifestyle!
Last update on 2026-03-07 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API | hishecozy.com is a participant in the Amazon Associate program and will earn from qualifying purchases.
